Facilities


2G Enterprises Superconducting Rock Magnetometers: 2G-755R and 2G-760 U-Channel System, installed in a magnetic-free room, with maximum magnetic field less than 300 nT inside. Middle: 2G-760 U-Channel System coupled with a Model 2G600 Automatic Sample Degaussing System (AF degaussing up to 3 kOe), a Model 670 IRM Impulse Remanent Magnetizer (from a few Oerstedt to 10 kOe), a Model 615 ARM Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetizer (DC magnetic field in the range 0 to 4 Gauss), and a MS2C Core Logging Sersor -- The 2G-760 U-Channel System is used primarily to measure the magnetism of a long core (1.5 m length) that has been acquired in nature or in some sort of laboratory field. Sensitivity: 2e - 12 Am^2. Right: 2G-755R Cryogenic Magnetometer coupled with a Model 2G600 Automatic Sample Degaussing System -- The 2G-755R cryogenic magnetometer is used primarily to measure the magnetism of a sample that has been acquired in nature or in some sort of laboratory field. Sensitivity: 1e - 12 Am^2. Maximum degaussing field: axial 3 kOe, transverse 1.8 kOe.
Left: Paleointensity Furnace -- The equipment has a large internal space allowing simultaneous treatment of over 100 half-sized samples. In order to quickly heat to high temperature without overshoot, non-linearity heating rate has been used. A rate of 3.2^oC/min if firstly used and then a rate of 1^oC/min is applied for the last 60^oC below the setpoint. To approach the nature condition, samples were cooled naturally overnight. A gently stream of argon was maintained during the entire experiment. Middle: Thermal Demagnetizers (MMTD80, MMTD60 and TD-48) -- The Model TD-48 Demagnetizer by ASC Scientific is a high-capacity thermal specimen demagnetizer for geological samples. It features a large internal diameter cylindrical oven and adjacent fan-assisted cooling zone which are housed in a three layer seamless magnetic shield. The cooling chamber has two additional shields which limit the maximum internal field to less than 10 nT. Right: 2G Enterprises Pulse Magnetizer (2G660) -- The 2G660 magnetizer is designed to enable the magnetization of a sample by applying a shot pulse of magnetic field to the sample ranging in magnitude from a few Oerstedt to 27 kOe.

Left: Magnetic Properties Measurement System (MPMS XP-5) by Quantum Designs -- The MPMS is used primarily for magnetic mineral identification based on low-temperature crystallographic transitions (e.g. the Verwey transition in magnetite at about 110 K), and for characterizing particle size distributions, especially for samples containing ultrafine-grained superparamagnetic grains. Temperature range: 1.9 - 400 K; Magnetic Field: 0 - 5.5 T; Sensitivity: 5e - 10 Am^2. Middle: Alternating Gradient Magnetometer (Model MicroMag 2900-04) by Princeton Measurements -- The MicroMag allows rapid (10 minutes/sample) high-sensitivity hysteresis measurements on small samples at room temperature. These measurements indicate the coercivity distribution in a sample, thereby providing information on magnetic mineralogy and particle sizes. Right: Variable Field Translation Balance System (VFTB,Petersen Instruments) -- This exciting new VFTB is highly sensitive and can perform automated measurements. It can measure Curie temperatures up to 700oC, variable temperature (-190 to +700oC) IRM acquisition, hysteresis loops and remanence coercivity with a sensitivity better than 0.1 A/m. Maximum sample weight is 500 mg.

Left: JR-5A Spinner Magnetometer by Geofyzika -- The JR-5A is used for measurements of remanent magnetization of rock specimens that has been acquired in nature or in some sort of laboratory field. Specimen: Cube 20×20×20 mm, Cylinder 25.4 mm in diameter and 22 mm long. Sensitivity: 2.4e-6 A/m. Speed of rotation: 89.3 rev/s. Middle: KappaBridge Magnetic Susceptibility Bridge by AGICO (Model KLY-3s with CS-2, CS-L Furnaces) -- The KappaBridge allows mineral identification through Curie-point determinations, and measurements of bulk magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). Operating frequency: 875 Hz. Sensitivity: Bulk measurement 3e-8 SI; AMS measurement 2e-8 SI. Temperature range: CS-2 ambient temperature to 700^oC, CS-L -192^oC to ambient temperature. Right: MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System by Bartington -- This system comprises a meter with a wide range of sersors for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of soils and rocks, in both the field and laboratory. The system is also used for the measurement of susceptibility over the temperature range -200^oC to 900^oC. Resolution: 2e-6 SI. Sensors: MS2B dual frequency sensor -- Operating frequencies, 0.465 kHz and 4.65 kHz. MS2D probe -- Operating frequency, 0.958 kHz. MS2F probe -- Operating frequencies, 0.58 kHz.
TSD-1 Thermal demagnetizer ARM-Acquisition GSD-2 AF demagnetizer